Ocean Steamships - 1891

Front Cover, Ocean Steamships: Popular Account Of Their Construction Development, Management And Appliances By Gould, Rideing, Seaton, Chadwick, Kelley and Hunt, 1891. GGA Image ID # 20140207cd

Synopsis

With Ninety-six Illustrations. 8vo, pp. xv, 298. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1891.) Few books will leave the press during this holiday season that are as solid and satisfying in their matter and as sumptuous in their form as this volume.

The writers have divided between them the subjects of " The Development of the Steamship," "Speed in Ocean Steamers," "The Building of an ' Ocean Greyhound,' " "Ocean Passenger Travel," "The Ship's Company," "Safety On the Atlantic," "The Ocean Steamship as a Freight Carrier," and " The Steamship Lines of the World "—each treating his subject with the skill of a specialist and the clarity of a famous writer.

The best marine artists draw numerous illustrations (some from instantaneous photographs) and breathe the sea. Even the artistic cover has its appropriate part in making a perfect volume.

The Development Of The Steamship

By Commander F. E. Chadwick, U. S. Navy.

Slow Growth of the Idea of Steam Propulsion—Models Shown at the Liverpool Exhibition in 1886—Claims of Precedence in the Invention of Steamboats—What Fulton Accomplished—the Clermont— the Voyage of the Savannah in 1819—the First War Steamer— the Atlantic Crossed by the Sirius and Great Western in 1888-Founding of the Cunard Company—Invention of the Screw Propeller—Its Application to the Archimedes and the Great Britain —Early Fleet of the Cunard Company—American Enterprises— the Screw Steamer Princeton—Establishment of the Pacific Mail —the Collins Line—Its Success and Ultimate Failure—the Great Eastern—Beginning of Great Rivalry in Speed—Triple Expansion Engines—Important Changes in Design.

Speed In Ocean Steamers

By A. E. Seaton.

The Viking’s Craft and the Modern “Greyhound”—Problems of Inertia and Resistance—Primary Condition for High Speed—What Is Meant by “Coefficient of Fineness” and “Indicated Horse-Power” —Advance in Economical Engines—What the Compound Engine Effected—a Comparison of Fast Steamers From 1836 to 1890—Prejudice Against Propellers and High Pressures—Advantages of More Than One Screw Propeller—Attempts at Propulsion by Turbine Wheels, Ejections, and Pumps—the Introduction of Siemens-Martin Steel in 1875 the Chief Factor in the Success of Modern Fast Steamers—Decrease in Coal Consumption—Importance of Forced Draughts—the Problem of Mechanical Stoking—Possibilities of Liquid Fuel—Is the Present Speed Likely to Be Increased ?

The Building Of An “Ocean Greyhound”

By William H. Rideing.

The Cost of an Ocean Racer—Intricate “Financing” of Such an Undertaking—the Contract With the Ship-Builders—the Uncertain Element in Designing—Great Ship Yards Along the Clyde—the Plans of a Steamer on Paper—Enlargement of Plans in the “ Mold Loft ”—What Is Meant by “ Fairing the Ship ’’—the “ Scrive Board”—Laying Down the Keel—Making the Huge Ribs—When a Ship Is “in Frame’’—Shaping and Trimming the Plates—Riveting and Caulking—Ready for Launching—the Great “Plant” Which Is Necessary for the Building of a Ship—Description of a Typical Yard—Works Covering Seventy Four Acres—Where the Shaft Is Forged—the Lathes at Work—the Adjustment of Parts—Seven Thousand Workmen.

Ocean Passenger Travel

By John H. Gould.

The First Ocean Race—Passenger Traffic in the Old Clipper Days— State-Rooms and Table Fare in Early Days—the First Ocean Mail Contract—Discomforts Fifty Years Ago—American Transatlantic Lines — Government Subsidies — Novelties on the Collins Line — When Steerage Passengers Were Allowed on Ocean Steamships— Important Changes in the Comport of Passengers Wrought by the Oceanic in 1870—the Present Era of Twin-Screw Ships—Their Advantages—the Fastest Voyages East and West—Records of the Great Racers—Modern Conveniences and Luxuries—the Increase in the Number of Cabin Passengers Prom 1881 to 1890—How the Larder Is Supplied—Electric Lights, Libraries, and Music-Rooms— Customs Peculiar to the French, German, and British Lines—Life in the Steerage—Immigration Statistics—Government Regulations.

The Ship’s Company

By Lieutenant J. D. Jerrold Kelley, U. S. Navy.

Has Steam Ruined the Genuine Sailors of Story and Song? Hauling a Liner Out of the Liverpool Docks | the Traits of Master-Mariners | Education of Junior Officers | a Fire Drill | Stowing the Cargo | Down the Channel in a Fog | the Routine Life at Sea | the Trials of Keeping Watch | a BO’s’n’s Right to Bluster | Steering by Steam | Scrubbing the Decks in the Middle Watches | Formalities of Inspection | the Magic Domain of the Engine-Room | Picturesqueness of the Stoke-Hole | Messes of the Crew | the Noon Observation | Life Among the Cabin Passengers | Boat Drill | Pleasures Toward the End of the Voyage | the Concert | Scenes in the Smoking-Room | Wagers on the Pilot-Boat Number | Fire Island Light and the End of the Voyage

Safety On The Atlantic

By William H. Rideing.

The Dangers of the Sea—Precautions in a Fog—Anxieties of the Captain—Creeping up the Channel—“Ashore at South Stack”—Narrow Escape of the Baltic—Some Notable Shipwrecks—Statistics Since 1838 — the Region of Icebergs — When They Are Most Frequent—Calamities From Ice—Safety Promoted by Speed—Modern Protection From Incoming Seas—Bulkheads and Double Bottoms — Water Tight Compartments—the Special Advantage of the Longitudinal Bulkhead—the Value of Twin Screws—Dangers From a Broken Shaft—Improvements in the Mariner's Compass, the Patent Log, and Sounding Machine—Manganese Bronze for Propellers—Lights, Buoys, and Fog Signals —the Remarkable Record of 1890.

The Ocean Steamship As A Freight Carrier

By John H. Gould.

Revenue of the Ship S Cargo—Amount of Freight Carried by Express Steamships—Gross Tonnage of Important Lines Running Prom New York—the Merchant Marine of the United States—the “ Atlantic Limited "—the Sea Post-Office—in the Specie Room—Enormous Refrigerators—the New Class of “Freighters’’—Large Cargoes and Small Coal Consumption—the Ocean “Tramp”—Advantages of the :”Whaleback”—Vessels for Carrying Grain—Floating Elevators—the Fruit Steamship—Tank Steamships for Carrying Oil— Peculiarities of Their Construction—the Molasses Ship—Scenes on the Piers When Steamships Are Loading—Steam Hoisting Apparatus —How the Freight Is Stowed—Coaling—the Loading of Cattle Ships—“Cowboys of the Sea”—Ocean Traffic the Index of a Nation's Prosperity.

Steamship Lines Of The World

By Lieutenant Ridgely Hunt, U. S. Navy.

Important Part Taken by the United States in Establishing Ocean Routes—Rivalry in Sailing Vessels With England—Effect of the Discovery of Gold in California—the Cape Horn Route—Australian Packet Lines—the Problem of a Short Route to India—Four Main Routes of Steamship Traffic—Characteristics of the Regular Service Between Europe and the East—Port Said and the Suez Canal—Scenes at Aden and at Bombay—the Run to Colombo, Ceylon—Some of the by-Ways of Travel From Singapore—the Pacific Mail—From Yokohama to San Francisco—Two Routes From Panama to Yew York — South American Ports — Magnificent Scenery of the Magellan Straits—Beauties of the Port of Rio—the Great Ocean Route From London to Australia.

Full-Page Illustrations

1. A Drama of the Sea, Frontispiece
2. Specifications of Early Patents Taken Out in England
3. The Etruria
4. Triple-Expansion Engine of the Aller, Trave, and Saale
5. The Giovanni Bausan, of the Italian Navy
6. The North German Lloyd Steamer Kaiser Wilhelm II
7. The White Star Steamer Majestic
8. The Inman Line Steamer City of Paris
9. General View of the Frames of the City of New York—June 25, 1887
10. In the Grand Saloon of an Inman Steamer
11. The End of the Voyage
12. In the Steerage
13. On the Bridge in a Gale
14. “Muster, All Hands”
15. Night Signaling, Out of Reckoning—a Narrow Escape
16. Landing Stages at Liverpool
17. At Close Quarters. Among the Icebergs
18. The Deep-Sea Sounding Machine at Work
19. Loading Grain From a Floating Elevator
20. Unloading and Loading a Coastwise Steamer by Electric Light
21. The “Whaleback” Steamship for Grain and Other Freight
22. Unloading a Banana Steamship
23. A Cattle Steamship at Sea
24. Chart of the World, Showing the Principal Steamship Routes
25. Deck Quoits on a P. and O. Liner
26. Entrance to the Suez Canal at Port Said
27. The Port of Valparaiso in a Norther

Illustrations In The Text

1. The Great Western, From an Old Painting
2. Cross-Section of the Great Western
3. The Great Britain
4. Plan of the Hibernia and Cambria
5. Model of the Persia and Scotia
6. Longitudinal Section of the Warship Duilio
7. The Britannic
8. Cross-Section of the Oregon
9. Cross-Section of the Servia
10. Longitudinal Section of the Champagne
11. The Chilean Cruiser Esmeralda
12. The Belted Cruiser Orlando, With Twin Screws
13. Tex City or Rome
14. Tax Cutter Going at Full Speed
15. Steamer Princess Henriette at Full Speed
16. Steamer Duchess of Hamilton at Full Speed—21 Miles per Hour
17. Passenger Steamer Columba at Full Speed—21 Miles per Hour
18. The Twin Screws of the City of New York
19. The Propeller of the North German Lloyd Steamer Havel
20. Becent Naval Engine
21. Italian Cruiser Piemonte at Full Speed—22.8 Knots = 25 Miles per Hour
22. The Umbria Just Before Launching
23. Frames of the City of New York, Looking Aft—July 19, 1887
24. Frames of the City of New York, Looking Forward—July 19, 1887
25. The Manganese Bronze Propeller-Blade of the Wrecked Steamer Mosel, After It Had Beaten Upon a Beef
26. A Stern View, Showing Twin Screws
27. The City of New York ready for Launching
28. Model of a Steamer Designed to Cross the Atlantic in Five Days
29. The Steamer’s Barber-Shop
30. More Comfortable on Deck
31. A Quiet Flirtation
32. Smoking-Room of a French Liner
33. The Gang Plank—Just Before Sailing
34. The Saloon of a Hamburg Steamer
35. The Pilot Boarding
36. Revenue Officer Boarding, New York Bat
37. Down the Channel in a Fog—a Narrow Escape
38. The Skipper
39. The Deck Lookout—“ Danger Ahead”
40. The Boatswain’s Whistle
41. The Cook
42. Washing Down the Decks
43. The Stoke Hole
44. In the Fo’Castle
45. Watching for the Sun on a Cloudy Day
46. The Deck Steward
47. Captain’s Breakfast
48. The Night Signal of a Disabled Steamer
49. Eddystone Lighthouse, English Channel
50. A Whistling Buoy
51. Lighthouse, Atlantic City, N. J.
52. A Bell Buoy
53. Lighthouse, Sanibel Island, Fla.
54. Off Fire Island, New York
55. Gedney’s Channel, Outside New York Harbor, at Night
56. The Lightship, off Sandy Hook
57. Broken Bow of la Champagne, After Her Collision Outside New York Harbor, December, 1890
58. A Passenger Steamship
59. A Tank Steamship, Showing the Expansion Tank
60. Steamship With Oil, by Force Pumps
61. Arabia
62. Tropics
63. An Orient Liner
64. Natal, South Africa
65. Anchor, Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope

Rough Weather, Drama of the Sea. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201457678f

The Great Western, From an Old Painting. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2014b472d3

Plan of the Hibernia and Cambria. At the end of 1847, the British Government-backed and heavily subsidized Cunard Line moved to inaugurate a regularly scheduled steam packet service direct between Liverpool and New York, and on December 29, 1847, the S.S. Hibernia of 1,422 tons (built in 1843) reached New York from Boston to be ready to commence service by sailing from New York for Liverpool on Saturday, January 1, 1848, the same day as the S.S. Cambria (a sister of the Hibernia, but built in 1845) sailed from the English port for New York. Plan Key: A. Saloon; B. Pantry; C. Center Staterooms; D. Gentlemen's Cabin; E. Ladies' Cabin; S. Stairs; F. Wine Cellar; G. Goods; K. Stewards' Berths in Center; H. Coal Holds; P. Fore-Cabin; Q. Steerage; I. Forecastle; R. Storeroom; M. Mail Room; O. Sail Room; V. Engineers and Firement. Ocean Steamships, 1891 and Merchant Sail, Vol. II, 1897. GGA Image ID # 2015089d2f

The Britannic of the White Star Line. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2015802ada

The RMS Etruria of the Cunard Line. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201591b409

View of the Triple-Expansion Engine Utilized by the SS Aller, SS Trave, and SS Saale, Sister Ships Build for the Norddeutscher Lloyd. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2015ec65ad

The SS City of Rome of the Inman Line. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2016277a98

SS Kaiser Wilhelm II of the North German Lloyd. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 20159e15c3

The RMS Majestic of the White Star Line. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 20163c7ab7

Comparative Table of Atlantic Steamships and their Speeds. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 20166973e2

SS City of Paris of the Inman Line. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 20167fb434

The Grand Saloon of an Inman Line Steamer. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2016c14992

The Steamer's Barber Shop. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2016c47ea2

Passengers Are More Comfortable on Deck. Female Passenger Being Served a Beverage as She Relaxes on a Deck Chair, Covered with a Blanked. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2016d54884

A Quiet Flirtation on Deck. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 20174b03bb

The Smoking Room on a French Liner. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 20174d8aa1

Best Steamship Speed Records Up To 1 October 1891. The trips of the first six vessels in the above table are measured between Sandy Hook lightship and Roche's Point, the entrance to Queenstown Harbor; the North German Lloyd and the Hamburg-American lines measure the trips between Sandy Hook lightship and the Needles, near Southampton; and the French line, between Sandy Hook lightship and Le Havre. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2017afc572

The Gang Plank, Just Before Sailing. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2017c0feb0

The Saloon of a Hamburg-American Line Steamer. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2017fb4eea

View of the Pilot Boarding the Steamship as the Vessel Nears the Harbor. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201816358b

Passengers Leaving the Ship at the End of a Voyage, Showing a Crowd of People Congregating in the Port Station. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2018425f3b

Revenue Officer Boarding a Ship at New York Bay. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201874ad2f

Passengers in the Steerage Hold of a Steamer. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2018e0a411

Officers and Crew On the Bridge During a Gale Storm. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201924b3ba

Night Signalling to a Ship in the Distance. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201995ae39

The Deck Steward Brings a Tray of Food to a Young Female Passenger Relaxing on a Deck Chair, Covered with a Blanket. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 2019e8afba

Liverpool Landing Stages Showing Ships in the Harbor and Docked. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201a3540b7

Steamer at Close Quarters Among the Icebergs. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201a45df63

Officer and Sailors Using a Deep Sea Sounding Machine on the Deck of a Steamer. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201a84f82d

View of the Broken Bow of the SS La Champagne of the CGT French Line, after Her Collision outside New York Harbor in December 1890. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201ac41d3c

Chart of the World Showing the Principal Steamship Routes. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201ac5c770

Passengers Playing Deck Quoits on the Deck of a P&O Liner. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201ac7c6ac

Entrance to the Suez Canal at Port Said. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201b19f683

Port of Aden is a key Yemeni port, situated in Aden on the Gulf of Aden. It is the largest and one of the most important ports in Yemen. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201b40ccae

Passengers Gathered on the Promenade Deck of an Orient Liner. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201bbf11ac

They are landing Passengers at the Port of Natal, South Africa. Passengers Step Into a Large Basket from the Ship's Deck that will Transport Them to the Landing Stage. Ocean Steamships, 1891. GGA Image ID # 201c06957f